2023-07-15
Equipment for producing ultrapure water for experiments
Laboratory ultrapure water equipment, simply put, is the equipment used in the laboratory to produce ultrapure water for experiments. Since different experiments have different water quality requirements, laboratory ultrapure water equipment should also be able to produce pure water or ultrapure water of various specifications.
Preparation Process
1. Pretreatment system→reverse osmosis system→intermediate water tank→coarse mixed bed→fine mixed bed→pure water tank→pure water pump→ultraviolet sterilizer→polished mixed bed→precision filter→water object (≥18MΩ.CM) (traditional craft)
2. Pretreatment→reverse osmosis→intermediate water tank→water pump→EDI device→purified water tank→pure water pump→ultraviolet sterilizer→polishing mixed bed→0.2 or 0.5μm precision filter→water object (≥18MΩ.CM) (latest technology)
3. Pretreatment → primary reverse osmosis → dosing machine (PH adjustment) → intermediate water tank → second stage reverse osmosis (positive charge reverse osmosis membrane) → pure water tank → pure water pump → EDI device → ultraviolet sterilizer → 0.2 or 0.5μm precision filter → water object (≥17MΩ.CM) (latest technology)
4. Pretreatment→reverse osmosis→intermediate water tank→water pump→EDI device→pure water tank→pure water pump→ultraviolet sterilizer→0.2 or 0.5μm precision filter→water object (≥15MΩ.CM) (latest technology)
5. Pretreatment system→reverse osmosis system→intermediate water tank→pure water pump→coarse mixed bed→fine mixed bed→ultraviolet sterilizer→precision filter→water object (≥15MΩ.CM) (traditional process)
Pure water system
Preparation system
The pure water preparation system uses tap water as the incoming water to prepare a sufficient amount of pure water that meets the specific water quality required by the laboratory, which is the starting point of the overall pure water system of the laboratory. The amount of pure water used in the laboratory may vary from a few liters to thousands of liters per day. The first thing that should be considered in the design is: to determine the daily water consumption of each user and each instrument, the water quality of the required pure water, and the law of water use. The pure water design department can then calculate the total daily water consumption and peak water consumption of the entire laboratory.
storage system
The storage system can act as a buffer between the daily peak water consumption, so that the pure water preparation system has enough time to produce the pure water required by the laboratory every day. At the same time, the pure water storage tank must be able to ensure that the water quality of the pure water is stable and free from pollution. The material of the tank and many design details will affect the quality of the pure water stored in the tank.
distribution system
The main purpose of the pure water distribution system is to deliver pure water to each water point through the distribution pump and the pure water distribution pipeline. In order to ensure the flow rate and pressure of pure water in the pipeline, laboratory pure water designers should accurately calculate the pressure loss caused by the pipeline system and equipment in the pipeline, so as to select the appropriate distribution pump.
The pure water distribution system should also include additional equipment to further purify the pure water and monitor the water quality in the pipeline while maintaining the pure water quality. Therefore, it may be necessary to use a pipeline ultraviolet device to reduce the microbial and total organic carbon levels in the pipeline pure water, or to use a pipeline sterilizing filter element to reduce the microbial content in the pipeline pure water.
Water quality monitoring at the pure water distribution system stage is very important. Because the water quality in the pipeline is the real water quality of the pure water we get from each water point and finally used in the experiment.
Ultrapure water system
At the beginning of considering the ultrapure water system, the designer of the laboratory pure water system should clarify the purpose of ultrapure water. Generally speaking, pure water is sufficient for most experiments. The water quality of ultrapure water also varies with different applications. Therefore, the purification method and water production volume of ultrapure water should be determined according to the use and amount of ultrapure water, so as to select the appropriate ultrapure water equipment.
Equipment Principle Editing Broadcast
It usually consists of three parts: raw water pretreatment system, reverse osmosis purification system, and ultra-purification post-treatment system. The purpose of pretreatment is mainly to make the raw water meet the water inlet requirements of the reverse osmosis membrane separation module and ensure the stable operation of the reverse osmosis purification system. The reverse osmosis membrane system is the most economical and efficient purification method to remove more than 98% of ions, organic matter and 100% of microorganisms (in theory) in raw water at one time. The ultra-purification post-treatment system further removes trace ions, organic matter and other impurities in reverse osmosis pure water through a variety of integrated technologies to meet the final water quality requirements for different purposes.
main feature
▼Imported reverse osmosis membrane is adopted, with high desalination rate, long service life and low operating cost;
▼No need for acid and alkali treatment, environmental protection without "three wastes";
▼Automatic control, automatic maintenance, online detection of water quality, monitoring of water quality changes at any time;
▼Individualized design in line with local water quality to fully meet the needs;
▼Automatic control system, daily operation is extremely simple, the system automatically performs flushing and maintenance, and the process of preparing product water does not require any manual operation;
▼Double flow path design, not only can produce ultrapure water, but also produce pure water, which is convenient for users to meet different levels of water requirements in laboratories;
▼Reserved upgrade space. Function upgrades can be easily realized according to user needs.
Experiment dedicated editor broadcast
Biological experiment is an experimental research that has been carried out in China for a long time. Biological research includes microbial research, plant research, ecological research, forestry research, agricultural research, animal husbandry and veterinary research, zoological research, aquatic product research, medical and health research, etc. Each research is closely related to people's lives and affects people's lives Quality and ecological environment development. China attaches great importance to biological research. Junior high school students begin to study biology in order to let people understand the relationship between living things, know that everything on the earth is living things, and truly understand the benefits and importance of biological research to human beings. . Of course, the biological research department is limited to student learning. China has built many biological laboratories and equipped them with the most professional equipment. The water used in biological experiments is very particular and must be ultra-pure water that has undergone deep treatment.
In biological experiments, both the test water and the experimental water must be ultra-pure water without any impurities and conductive media. Because once some cells are polluted by water quality, they will not be able to provide correct data to the experimenter, which will have a certain impact on the experimental results. It can be said that in biological experiments, as long as water is used, it must be ultra-pure water without pollution, impurities, and conductive media.
The ultrapure water equipment used in the laboratory is selected layer by layer, and the ordinary ultrapure water machines produced by general manufacturers cannot meet the laboratory water standards at all. Laboratory ultrapure water equipment has the advantages of stable operation, aseptic water production process, high water quality standard, flexible water output, equipped with data tracking system, intelligent equipment, etc., and can be used for large and small experimental research.
system analysis
1. Raw water pretreatment system
The pretreatment system usually consists of polypropylene fiber (PP) filter and activated carbon (AC) filter. For raw water with high hardness, it is necessary to install a softening resin filter. The PP filter element can efficiently remove mechanical particle impurities, rust, and large colloids and other pollutants above 5 μm in raw water, and protect subsequent filters. It is characterized by a large amount of dirt holding capacity and low price. The AC activated carbon filter element can efficiently absorb residual chlorine and some organic matter and colloids in raw water, and protect the polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane from residual chlorine oxidation. The softening resin can remove most of the calcium and magnesium ions in the raw water, prevent subsequent RO membrane surface scaling and blockage, and improve the water recovery rate.
2. Ultra-purification post-treatment system
① Mixed bed ion exchange purification column
The mixed bed ion exchange purification column is made by mixing anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin in proportion. Cation exchange resin uses its H+ exchange to remove cations in water, anion exchange resin uses its OH- exchange to remove anions in water, and the H+ and OH- exchanged in the mixed bed resin combine to form H2O, so the mixed bed ion exchange purification column can be used To deeply remove trace ions remaining in RO pure water. The mixed bed ion exchange purification column in the small laboratory ultrapure water machine is usually for single use. Yongjieda mixed bed ion exchange purification column adopts imported nuclear grade mixed bed resin, and the resistivity of the produced water can reach 18.2MΩ.cm.
②EDI device
Continuous electrodeionization EDI (abbreviation for Electrodeionization) is to use mixed bed ion exchange resin to adsorb anions and cations in the feed water, and at the same time, these adsorbed ions are continuously removed through the anion and cation exchange membrane under the action of DC voltage. process. This new technology can replace the traditional ion exchange (DI) to produce ultrapure water above 10MΩ.cm. The biggest advantage of EDI deep desalination is that it can run stably for a long time without using acid and alkali to regenerate anion and yang resins. It is very suitable for ultrapure water central preparation systems with a water production volume of more than 100L/h. The water quality is stable and will greatly reduce operating costs. TOC will also reduce Lower and more stable. The resistivity of produced water of Yongjieda EDI device is about 15~18MΩ.cm.
③Pyrogen removal ultrafiltration membrane
Ultrafiltration for pyrogen removal is widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry. The pore size of an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is between reverse osmosis and microfiltration (about 0.01-0.1 μm), and is usually expressed by the minimum molecular weight cut-off. Yongjieda pyrogen removal ultrafiltration membrane adopts polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 5000 Daltons, which can completely remove pyrogens (the minimum molecular weight is usually greater than 7000) and various microorganisms in water.
④Ultraviolet germicidal lamp and TOC ultraviolet digester
Ultraviolet germicidal lamps use ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254nm to sterilize bacteria, which can effectively destroy the DNA molecules of microorganisms and make them form TT dimers and cannot reproduce. It is a safe and effective common sterilization method for air and water. The TOC ultraviolet digester adopts an ultraviolet lamp tube that can simultaneously generate 185nm/254nm dual wavelengths, of which 185nm ultraviolet rays can generate ozone in the air to sterilize and deodorize, and generate hydrogen and oxygen free radicals in water, which can rapidly oxidize trace organic matter in pure water For CO2, to achieve the purpose of removing TOC.
⑤Terminal filter
The final filter with a pore size of 0.22um can completely filter out bacteria, fungi and spores, resin debris and all micron-sized pollutants. The final filter forms include hollow fiber type, PP barrel filter, capsule filter, syringe filter, etc., and the membrane materials include polypropylene, nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.
3. Reverse osmosis purification system
Reverse osmosis (RO for short) is a high-tech membrane separation technology driven by pressure difference. It has the characteristics of high primary separation, no phase change, simple and efficient. The "pore size" of the reverse osmosis membrane is as small as nanometers (1nm=10-9m), and no "filtering" pores on the surface can be seen under the scanning electron microscope. Under the operating pressure higher than the osmotic pressure of raw water, water molecules can reverse osmosis through the RO semi-permeable membrane to produce pure water, while a large number of inorganic ions, organic matter, colloids, microorganisms, pyrogens, etc. in the raw water are intercepted by the RO membrane.
Usually when the conductivity of the raw water is <200μS/cm, the conductivity of the first-grade RO pure water is ≤5μs/cm, which meets the laboratory third-grade water standard. For areas with high raw water conductivity, in order to save the cost of subsequent mixed bed ion exchange resin replacement and improve the quality of pure water, customers may consider choosing a secondary reverse osmosis purification system. The conductivity of secondary RO pure water is about 1~5μS/cm, which is comparable to related to raw water quality.
Standard configuration
1. Integrated PPF precision filter element: filter sediment and particulate matter;
2. Integrated activated carbon filter element: absorb organic matter and residual chlorine;
3. Reverse osmosis membrane device: the first step of desalination and removal of bacteria and organic matter in tap water;
4. Pressure pure water bucket: store reverse osmosis pure water and provide water intake power at the same time;
5. Ion exchange column: the second step of desalination, with a resistance of more than 10 megohms;
6. Nuclear grade ultra-purification column: the third step is deep desalination, with a resistance of more than 18.2 megohms;
7. Terminal 1 micron microporous filter: filter fine particulate matter;
8. 0.45+0.2 micron aperture terminal filter for ultrapure water (optional): remove bacteria and impurities;
9. Electronic components, etc.: provide various control functions.
Scope of application Edit broadcast
Production in the electronics industry such as monocrystalline silicon, semiconductors, integrated circuit blocks, IC chip packaging, picture tubes, glass bulbs, liquid crystal displays, printed circuit boards, optics, optoelectronics, thermal power plants, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industry, automobile manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical and health Manufacturing industries such as pure water manufacturing.
Infusion, pharmaceutical preparations, inspection and analysis, hemodialysis, pharmaceuticals, preparation process water manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.
Coating industry such as electroplating, battery production, electrophoretic paint production line; surface cleaning and coating of automobiles, electrical appliances, and building materials; glass, plastic surface coating, etc. The chemical industry uses water to manufacture such as chemical pharmaceuticals, textile printing and dyeing, fine chemicals, cosmetics, ink cartridges, and daily chemical products.
Experimental ultrapure water such as production laboratories, chemical laboratories, physical laboratories, pilot workshops, hospital biochemical laboratories, etc. in factories, universities and companies.
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